Thwarting oil-pipeline corrosion by identifying a nanoscale villain

Certain molecules of iron, when juxtaposed, have been found by researchers to cause microscopic holes in steel pipe used for oil transport. This hidden, localized corrosion causes oil pipes to rust unpredictably at rates faster than baselined, interfering with the accuracy of computer models that determine pipe replacement schedules. This problem, which is potentially environmental, may be addressed by changing the microstructure of the steel surface during forging.