Sex hormones skew outcomes in clinical trials — here’s how

Clinical research often excludes females from their trials under the assumption that ‘one size fits all,’ that a painkiller or antidepressant will be equally effective in subjects of either sex, but a growing number of scientists are criticizing this approach. One group argues that hormones make a difference in how potential therapeutics behave, and both males and females must be accounted for to move medical advances forward.